The Impact Of Technology On Human Resource Management

Technology effects our lives every day in many ways. When we consider the ways we use technology in the business environment, we often think of Information Technology, Accounting, Finance, Manufacturing and Distribution but what about Human Resource Management? What role does technology play in Human Resource Management? Many would think of mainly specific functions relating to payroll but information systems can play a much larger role in helping manage human resources. Use of computer systems can help in areas of recruiting talent, training, performance appraisal, benefit tracking, compliance and budgeting. As compliance and litigation become more complex and varied laws between states and internationally it is not possible to track with†¦show more content†¦Technology gives recruiters an opportunity to tailor their specific requirements and budget guidelines to suit their changing needs. Telecommuting has become a way of recruiting and retaining talent within an organization and while beneficial can add challenges in onboarding or training a new employee. Depending on the size and structure of the organization and the size and structure of the Human Resource department, remote training could prove to be time efficient and can also help provide more candid feedback. Formally, organizations could set up virtual â€Å"libraries† and require employees to access particular training materials and either electronically sign as most do with an employee handbook. Required training programs are then delivered the same way to each employee without variation, which in today’s work environment is important for compliance. Virtual training could also require specific â€Å"meeting† times via computer to interact and provide immediate feedback. Informal training tailored to specific areas can also be used to help employees flourish. Smaller organizations may no t have the resources to dedicate training to specific software applications but there is so much information available that they could guide their staff to those sites for the training. YouTube videos have been a source to many in learning orShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management and the Impact of Information Technology1361 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource Management and the Impact of Information Technology Is the impact of information technology changing Human Resource Management? Information, technology impact is changing the whole concept of how the work place is managed, and I will point out the changes and enhancements to Human Resource Management and the employees. The information technology can save everyone time and expense once he or she learns how to use it efficiently. Human Resource will be impacted more than any otherRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Human Resource Management852 Words   |  4 PagesInformation technology is expected to drive Human Resource (HR) s transition from a focus on Human Resource Management (HRM) to Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This strategic role not only adds a valuable dimension to the HR function, but also changes the competencies that define HR professional and practitioner success. Helps the organization to go more flexibly and accurately by technology. HRIS functions * Integrating the Technologies of HR. Developments in information technology haveRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On The Human Resource Management Process5068 Words   |  21 PagesInformation Technology plays a key role in signifying effective corporate governance and fraud prevention. Increasing use of Technology in almost every organization has changed the way we work and it has brought in efficiency at work and also reduces human error which can be caused by stress or too much work. IT improves communication thus improving customer satisfaction and encourages innovation and creativity which can be used in business growth and expansion. IT also improves the Human Resource ManagementRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Organizations1167 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Organizational Technology Plan: Since the world of technology is making the world to become a global village, many organizations and businesses are capitalizing on technological advancements to enhance their organizations. The impact of technology on organizations has extended to improve relations within the organization and improve the ability of the organization to serve its clients or customers. Notably, the influence of technology has extended to the point that its impacting the shape ofRead MoreOrganization Planning, Project Management, and Information Technology1319 Words   |  6 PagesApplication: Organization Planning, Project Management, and Information Technology The successful implementation and subsequent meaningful use of information technology solutions within a health care organization is a challenging and iterative process. The organization must engage in careful and ongoing strategic and tactical planning to ensure that the implemented technology will ultimately be effective and beneficial for its practitioners, staff, and patients. To prepare for this ApplicationRead MoreHow Human Resource Planning Is Different From Manpower Planning? Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesQ1.) What is the main purpose of human resource planning? As a part of your answer describe how Human Resource planning is different from manpower planning? EXPLANATION: - Human Resource planning Different techniques and practices used by an organization to forecasts its human resource needs and make sure, that it has adequate number of skilled and suitably trained employees at all times, to perform the tasks of the organization efficiently and help it to achieve its goals. This is a process,Read MoreQuestions On Human Resource Management1498 Words   |  6 PagesISSUE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Prepared by: Muhammad Salman Sami Roll # 1301064 What is HRM? Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. CURRENT ISSUE IN HRM INTRODUCTION Fundamentally, HRM is based on the assumption that employees are individuals with varying goals and needs and Human resources departmentRead MoreCurrent Information Systems Within Human Resources1398 Words   |  6 Pageswithin Human Resources The Human Resources department is currently working on bring the information systems platform into the 21st century. Excel has been a good tool to use within the HR department. However, it is critical for the management team to maintain a comprehensive and fast flexible system that aligns with the trends as it relates to a successuful business (Dusmanescu Bradic-Martinovic, 2011). A successful business reflects organizational flexibility which, supports strategic human resourceRead MoreBusiness Technology Has Revolutionized The Means Corporations Conduct Business1620 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness technology has revolutionized the means corporations conduct business. Tiny businesses will implement business technology and level the enjoying field with larger organizations. Tiny businesses use computers, servers, websites and private digital merchandise to develop competitive benefits within the economic marketplace. Tiny business homeowners ought to contemplate implementing technolo gy in their designing method. This permits homeowners to make operations victimization the simplest technologyRead MoreHuman Resource Systems And Human Resources Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesDeadrick, Lukaszewski and Johnson (2015) examined the HR technics, the technologies used in human resources, their present and predicted future impacts on human resource systems. There were numerous sources that were cited in this research. Research mainly focused on existing human resource systems’ limitations and possible technology solutions to current problems in traditional and computerized HR methods. Information technology has influenced every single aspect of our lives. It also has been notably

Personal and/or Religious Experience Is Particularly...

| Personal and/or religious experience is particularly revealing for developing a fuller understanding or ourselves and/God? (35) Examine and comment on this claim with reference to the topic you have investigated? (15) â€Å"There is no single thing that can be bottled and neatly labelled as a religious experience†-Harvey. A religious experience is an outward encounter with something divine also known as God. This experience is set apart from any other experience as it is based on religious context. It is the contact of feeling something far greater than one’s self â€Å"connection with holiness†. It seems to happen at any time and it is described as likewise being in ‘another dimension’- as one perceive themselves unaware of their†¦show more content†¦Dawkins argues the point that religious experiences are simply illusionary, as a God objectively that communicates with us. E.g. through hearing voices are completely false. He also believed that religious experiences are similar to being psychotic. To illustrate his point; â€Å"If someone told you they heard someone who they could not see speaking to them, we would call them mad. But if they said it was God, we would call them religious†. Dawkins uses examples of the ‘Manx shearwater’ (devil bird) and the evolution mask by Einstein He religious experiences are false and that they give us knowledge about ourselves and not God. If our brains and eyes cannot see the reality of a mask that seems to be hollow how we are able to perceive what is known to be a religious experience. It’s all in the mind. Conversion is a â€Å"change of direction† or â€Å"to turn around†, there are here types of conversion, from religion to faith, e.g. St Paul on his way to Damascus, Paul was an apostle (follower) of Jesus, who converted to Christianity after Jesus death by crucifixion, and there is no evidence he ever personally met Jesus when he was alive. According to Rambo and Farhadian 7 stages of conversion, only a few apply to Saul’s conversion. Paul was originally known as Saul of Tarsus, and a rabid persecutor of Christians. On the road to Damascus, he is said to have been visited by the resurrected Jesus, and struck blind. After his vision cleared Saul took theShow MoreRelatedGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagestechnology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a future in Singapore? b. Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vs. Developing b. Should environment be saved at all costs c. Are we doing enough to save the environment? d. Main reasons for environmental problems nowadays 5. Religion a. Religion divides more than it unites b. Religion and politics c. ScienceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSatisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 HumanRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagessystem (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence activities [1.2] 6.5.1 Bar and milestone charts 6.5.2 Critical path method (.2) 6.5.2.6 Lead and lag activities [6.2.3] F.3 Project duration Chapter 14 Project closure Closure report 4Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesTaylor The School Library Media Manager, Third Edition Blanche Woolls Basic Research Methods for Librarians Ronald R. Powell and Lynn Silipigni Connoway Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources forRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagescompanies in the United States and throughout the world? How can companies renew and sustain those factors in the face of the business slowdowns and major fluctuations that challenge the longterm continuation of profitable earnings? As we continue to experience the twenty-first century’s economic, social, and political ch urning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under anyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages............................................................................................................ 46 Locating Unstated Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 50 Detecting Obscure Argumentation ................................................................................................... 54 Descriptions and Explanations .................................................................................

The Role of Symbolism in a Dolls House free essay sample

Through out the play, Ibsen uses every day object, and their relation with the character, to externalize the characters inner problem. Using symbolism, he creates a story in parallel, where unspoken matters are brought to the surface. A Doll’s House is set during Christmas period; a period of festivity and changes. The first symbol that Ibsen uses is a decorative object very closely related to this period: a Christmas tree. This Christmas tree symbolises Nora’s position in her households as a plaything who adds charm to the home and who is pleasing to look at. There are several parallel drawn between Nora and the Christmas tree in the play. Hide the Christmas tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the children do not see it till this evening, when it is dressed. (Ibsen 12). just as she tells Torvald that no one can see her in her dress until the evening of the dance: NORA. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Symbolism in a Dolls House or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yes nobody is to have the chance of admiring me in my dress until to-morrow. (Ibsen 51). It also indicates the state of Nora’s psychological conditions after it has begun to decline; the stage direction at the beginning of the second act ndicates that the Christmas tree is correspondingly â€Å"dishevelled†: STAGE DIRECTION. The Christmas tree †¦ stripped of its ornaments and with burned- down candles-ends on its dishevelled branches. (Ibsen 35). As the action of the play is set at Christmas time, Nora and Torvald both look forward to New Year’s as the start of a new phase in their lives. In the New Year, Torvald will start a new job, and he anticipates with excitement the extra money and admiration the job will bring him. Nora also looks forward to Torvald’s new job, because she will finally be able to repay her secret dept to Krogstad. By the end of the play, however, the nature of the new start that New Year’s represents for Torvald and Nora has changed dramatically. They both must become new people and face radically changed ways of living. Hence, the New Year comes to mark the beginning of a truly new and different period in both their lives and their personalities. NORA. Both you and I would have to be so changed that †¦ (Ibsen 72) NORA. That our life together would be a real wedlock. †¦ (Ibsen 72) To reveal the tension and difference of opinion between husband and wife, Ibsen uses an everyday item; a ball dress.

Coca-Cola free essay sample

Financial performance through 1995 forecast to 2005, products and cash flow. Includes tables. (more) Coca-Cola free essay sample Foreign currency items in the Statements of Financial Position are converted at the rate of exchange ruling at balance date. Exchange rate gains or losses are brought to account in determining the net profit or loss in the period in which they arise, as are exchange gains or losses relating to cross currency swap transactions on monetary items. Exchange differences relating to hedges of specific transactions in respect of the cost of inventories or other assets, to the extent that they occur before the date of receipt, are deferred and included in the measurement of the transaction. Exchange differences relating to other hedge transactions are brought to account in determining the net profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Foreign controlled entities are considered self-sustaining. Assets and liabilities are translated by applying the rate ruling at balance date and revenue and expense items are translated at the average rate calculated for the period. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Exchange rate differences are taken to the foreign currency translation reserve. 2. Inventories (AASB 1019) as a general principle, inventories are valued at the lower of cost (including fixed and variable factory overheads where applicable) and net realizable value. Cost is determined on the basis of first-in-first-out, average or standard, whichever is the most appropriate in each case. 2. 3 Revenue (AASB 1004) Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Group, at the point where a right to consideration or compensation has been established and where the amount of the revenue can be reliably measured. Terms of trade in relation to credit sales average between 30 to 45 days from the date of invoice. The Group operates in a number of diverse markets, and accordingly the terms of trade vary by country. Revenue is recognized net of the applicable amounts of value added taxes such as Australian goods and services tax. 2. 4 Changes in Accounting Policies (AASB 138, 1001) The Group have adopted the following change in accounting policy on returnable containers. In the past returnable containers were reported as current assets held at deposit value. The excess cost over deposit value was reported as non-current assets. Given the nature of these assets, it has been decided to reclassify these assets totally as non-current assets. The returnable containers remain the property of the Group throughout their useful life. The life of the assets has been determined to be longer than one year. The containers will be sold and returned a number of times during their life that is greater than one year. Accordingly, returnable containers are recognized as non-current assets and fully depreciated over their estimated useful life. No change to the net profit reported resulted. The financial impact of the change in the current year has resulted in a reclassification within the Statements of Financial Position and disclosure of the depreciation expense. Comparative information has been restated to reflect this change. Another significant changing issue is the application of the AASB138, under the revised accounting standards, intangible asset is permitted to be carried forwards as an asset only when it has been externally acquired, not internally generated. Internally generated intangible assets (except internally generated development expenditure) are allowed not to be carried forward as assets. This has a great influence on the investments in bottler’s agreements account, which has a sharp decrease of $1. 9 billion between 2004 and 2005. 3. Flexibility in the Selection of Company’s Key Accounting Policies Being this is one of the well-known Company in Australia, Coca Cola Amatil may be considered does have sufficient flexibility in choosing their accounting policies due to the fact that Australian government heavily regulated the financial reporting issue. In Australia, all companies are obliged to comply with accounting standards, pronouncements of the Accounting Standards Board, Urgent Issues Group Consensus Views and the Corporation Act 2001, which constrains financial managers at a great extent on how to manipulate those accounting numbers to satisfy their potential clients and shareholders. However, there is no absolutely rigid mode for Coca Cola Amatil to choose, in other words, the CCL management still has certain amount of flexibility in selecting how to depreciate current assets, foreign currency translations, capitalize some costs as well as the employees’ benefits and so on. The management always through selecting key accounting policies to highlight the company’s performance, in order to incentive interests of shareholders together with the potential clients. According to the notes mentioned in Coca Cola Amatil financial report, it is indicated that because of the adopting certain International Financial Reporting Standards policies, the company has made some modifications to comply with those new standards. (Appendix 3) 4. Accounting strategy CCA operates in the highly competitive nonalcoholic beverages segment of the commercial beverages industry. They face strong competition from many other general and specialty beverage companies. Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of the Companys Board of Directors. CCA’s financial report has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 and Australian Accounting Standards. It has been prepared on the basis of historical cost, except for derivative financial instruments which have been measured at fair value. CCA Ltd adopts a historical cost principle of accounting. Historical cost is the system of accounting that bases asset values and expenses on the actual prices paid, rather than on market valuations. It is allows for consistency and comparability. Most of the accounting policies adopted by CCA similarity to other companies in the industry, because Australia regulated all companies to comply with accounting standards. However, the following will show as the key profit drivers of CCA’s success. 4. 1 Inventories: Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the cost of completion and selling expenses. Costs of inventories include the transfer from equity of gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to inventory purchases. Under the AASB 1019, CCA’s inventory is the cost plus the net realizable value, which cause total inventories increased from $384M to $595. 9M. (Appendix 4. 1) 4. 2 Revenue: CCA recognized revenue at the net of discounts, allowances and applicable amounts of value added taxes. Some specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized. CCA generate increased total revenues in recent year. Appendix 4. 2) 4. 3 Foreign currency translations CCA had a Foreign Currency translation increased from $45. 7M to $59. 2M in 2005. This has been taken to the balance sheet instead of showing it as a gain in the profit loss account. This includes hedges for specific commitments. 4. 4 Changes in accounting policy CCA have adopted Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) for 2005. The financial report for the full year to 31 December 2005 is CCA’s first full year report under the new standards. AIFRS will have a negligible impact on earnings in future years and will not affect cash flows, debt servicing capability or the ability of CCA to pay dividends. Moreover, goodwill is not amortized now but will be tested annually or more frequently if required, for any impairment in the carrying amount. Impairment is determined by assessing the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the goodwill relates. Goodwill arising on the acquisition of controlled entities is treated as an asset of the controlled entity. These balances are denominated in the currency of the controlled entity and are translated to Australian dollars on a consistent basis with the other assets and liabilities held by the controlled entity. CCA also changed accounting policy on returnable containers. This change leads to an increase of total non-current assets from $2697. 5M to $3539. 9M which shows in the balance sheets. Changes in accounting policy also can attribute to improved financial performance or shareholders equity position. Thus any impact of those changes has to be disclosed. . Quality of Disclosures According to Coca Cola Amatil’s (CCA) 2005 financial statement, its disclosures seem reasonable and reliable. Ernst and Young claim that it has provided a financial statement which complies with Australian accounting standards and the Corporations Act 2001 and gives a true and fair view of the financial position of Coca-Cola Amatil Limited and the consolidated entity at 31 December 2005 and of the perform ance for the year ended on that date. It also shows all the reasonable changes that took place during the ear. CCA has made changes to the composition of the entity through 2005; it has made four acquisitions which are Northern Territory Coca-Cola bottling agreement and related assets, PT Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia, SPC Ardmona Ltd and Grinders Coffee respectively. It is believed that if all the above combinations had taken place at the beginning of the year, the estimated profit for the group may have been $322. 3 million and the estimated revenue may have been $4,222. 3 million (See Appendix 5a. ). The transition to the Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Statements (AIFRS), in order to ensure that the financial report, financial statement and notes meet the requirements of the AIFRS, the 2005 annual financial report is the first year that has been prepared on the basis of AIFRS and the auditor has also restated the 2004 annual financial report in order to be able to make comparisons with the current year to evaluate the change (See Appendix 5b. ). One area of concern is that of the use of estimates. In order to prepare financial statements, company’s management is required work with estimates and make assumptions for amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosures. Although the estimates are based on management’s knowledge, it can be different from the events that will take place in the future (See Appendix 5c. ) Overall, the disclosures in Coca Cola Amatil’s 2005 financial statement sufficiently meet the general requirements of financial disclosures. 6. Questionable accounting figures With a glance at the balance sheets of CCL in 2004 and 2005, in the category of non-current asset, It was found that the investment in bottler’s agreements are 3278. 3 million in 2003, 1423. 6 million in 2004 and 1506. 4 million in 2005 respectively. There is almost 1. 9 billion-gap between that of 2003 and 2004(See appendix 1). Due to the transition to Australian equivalents to International Financing Reporting Standards (AIFRS) at the end of 2004, the statement has been restated accordingly. Because AASB 138 that comes into force in 2005, companies generally will not be allowed to revalue intangible assets upwards. This is a problem for Coca-Cola Amatil as it would be forced to revert to the assets fair value, reducing it by $1. 9 billion. Another questionable problem is that according to CCA’s financial statements, investments in bottler’s agreements are deemed to have indefinite lives (see CCA 2005 annual report PDF pg. 88). But the truth is that there is a long and ongoing relationship between the Group and The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and at 31 December 2005, there were thirteen agreements throughout the Group at varying stages of their, mainly, ten year terms. In some circumstances an intangible asset may be considered to have an indefinite useful life. The accounting standard defines an indefinite useful life as occurring where: ‘there is no foreseeable limit on the period over which the asset is expected to generate cash flows’. But obviously, they have foreseeable limit on the period when the agreements expire in 10 years. Where an asset is considered to have an indefinite life there is no requirement to amortize the asset. Consequently, the Debt to assets Ratio and the Equity Multiplier will be better off than that when the asset life is definite. 7. Possibility to UNDO Distortions in the Accounting Numbers CCL was trying to negotiate with the Federal government for concessions on the transition to IFRS, because the bottler’s agreement will not be completely viewed as an asset under AASB138 as CCL entity did prior 2005. As a result, around $1. 9 billion shear reduction occurred in the account in 2005. It is also controversial that CCL considers the bottler’s agreement as indefinite intangible asset based on the view that â€Å"no factor can be identified that would result in the agreements not being renewed at the end of their legal terms†, due to its well corporation with TCCC. However, those assumptions are suspicious. The useful life of intangible asset is defined in AASB 138 as â€Å"the period of time over which the asset is expected to be used by the entity†. Therefore, the investment in bottler’s agreements should be considered as a useful life of 10 years and be amortized over 10 year on a straight-line basis with nil residual value. The amortization amount is considered as an expense in financial statement. It could be found a section of investment in bottlers’ agreement of 2005 annual report in Appendix 7. 1. Due to the useful life is considered as 10 years, it could be seen that the annual amortization amount is $1423. 6m divided by 10, which is $142. 36m. The above process could be found in Appendix 7. 2, which would also have an influence in the balance sheet, making it reduce 142. 36m in the asset amount. 8. CCA’s financial press Most of the recent financial press reports regarding Coca Cola Amatil have focused on the group’s projected financial year profit and the share price. The figures have mostly been accompanied by speculation surrounding CCA’s current marketing gambit with its introduction of the Coca Cola Company’s new product lines. In October 2005, a Packwire reports that CCA had profit in second half at A$152. 6 million. The report suggests that CCA was expecting to turnaround low earning in South Korea by increasing the volume by 4% in the third quarter. On 4th of May 2006, Sydney Morning Herald reports the sale increase at only 4. 5% instead of 7% expected because of the higher cost of sugar, aluminum, PET resin. This affected the share price causing it to fall 25 cents or 3%. Furthermore, the report stated that CCA was coming under pressure from Pepsi maker Cadbury-Schweppes as a result of supermarket pricing wars. However, the report did say that CCA was expecting to make profits of between A$325 to A$335 million. In a recent Dow Jones Company Inc. report said that poor performance in Indonesia as well as South Korea were hindering the company’s progress. It cited poor performance on the Australian Stock Exchange as evidence of the company’s weakening position in its international ventures. (See Appendix 8) Conclusion As informed that Coca Cola Amatil is the one of the largest company, CCL has operated its entire activities by using accounting policies. Appendix 4 Specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized Appendix 4. 1 [pic] [pic] Appendix 4. 2 I) Sale of goods and materials Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. ii) Rendering of services Revenue from installation and maintenance of equipment is recognized when the services have been performed and the amount can be measured reliably. iii) Interest said the statement. Appendix 8b   Costs, competition sour Coke profits By Matt OSullivan May 4, 2006 AdvertisementAdvertisement COCA-COLA Amatil expects full-year profits to rise by only as much as 4. 5 per cent as it struggles to offset the impact of surging sugar prices and increasing competition for drinks sales in supermarkets. The fizzy drinks company has forecast a 7 per cent increase in costs this year at the higher end of its earlier guidance due to higher prices for sugar, aluminium and PET resin, which is used to make plastic bottles. The profit forecast yesterday failed to impress investors, who sent the share price down 25c, or more than 3 per cent, to $7. 05. CCAs managing director, Terry Davis, said the company was intent on recovering the costs of goods this year by increasing prices for its products. The trading environment in Australia remains highly price competitive in the supermarket channel, he said at the annual meeting in Sydney yesterday. CCA is forecasting annual net profit of $325 million to $335 million near the market consensus of just over $330 million thanks in part to the growing popularity of its new Coca-Cola Zero. Last year it posted an annual profit of $320. 5 million. The $18 million advertising blitz following the launch in January of Coca-Cola Zero, a drink aimed at you ng men, helped increase Coca-Cola volumes by more than 10 per cent in the first four months of this year. Mr Davis said he would be surprised if Coca-Cola Zero did not reach $100 million in sales this year, and up to $300 million within three to five years making it as popular as its No. 2 brand, Diet Coke. There are still many outlets that we dont sell Coke Zero to. This was always going to be a category killer, he said after the AGM yesterday. But competition from Pepsi-maker Cadbury Schweppes, which has resulted in heavy discounting in supermarkets, has stopped CCA increasing prices by 4 per cent for all of its products, as planned in February. Nevertheless, Mr Davis said the company hoped to increase the prices charged to supermarkets by 4 to 5 per cent in June or July in order to recoup the surging input costs. CCAs black spot in recent years has been its business in South Korea, but Mr Davis said the operations remained on track to return to profitability in the first half after axing 10 per cent of the workforce. Meanwhile, CCAs board received a stark warning yesterday from shareholders opposed to high remuneration packages for executives. Almost 29 per cent or more than 150 million of the proxy votes cast were against a resolution giving Mr Davis rights to acquire up to 320,000 shares under an incentive share plan. But Mr Davis said he was not surprised at the opposition because it seems people are just voting against [remuneration packages] for the sake of making a noise. CCAs chairman, David Gonski, said the package provided a strong incentive for Mr Davis to deliver results and a significant proportion of the award was related to success. Appendix 8c Copyright (c) 2005, Dow Jones Company Inc. Reproduced with permission of copyright owner. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission. Beset by losses in South Korea, lower sales in Indonesia and flat volume in Australia, Asian-Pacific soft-drinks bottler Coca-Cola Amatil Ltd. failed yesterday to convince investors that it can maintain robust profit growth. Amatil, which is 34. 5%-owned by Coca- Cola Co. , said in a statement to the Australian stock exchange that all key markets experienced soft volume during the first three months of the year. The company said it expects double digit growth in 2005 net profit and devoted the first half of a three-page news release to what it called innovative and major product launches. Later in the day, Amatil issued a separate statement to clarify the first. Subject to no deterioration of current economic or trading conditions, low double-digit net profit growth for the CCA Group is expected for full year 2005, the company said in the second statement. Shares in Amatil fell 7. 2% to 7. 69 Australian dollars (US$5. 95), off 60 Australian cents each in Sydney. References: http://www.smh.com.au/news/business/costs-competition-sour-coke-profits/2006/05/03/1146335805341.html Coca-Cola free essay sample Even though in some of the cases filed, the organization is denying the charges, it still must react to the allegations in order to comply with opinions from both internal and external stakeholders. In all the cases that will be mentioned, management is accused of underpaying, creating hostile work environment, and general discrimination regarding whistle blowing. â€Å"Quota Cola† Case The case brought forth in 1999 and settled in 2000, set the stage for a great deal of changes to be made in the Coca-Cola Company. Four black, dissatisfied employees filed a racial discrimination lawsuit based upon charges of Coca-Cola underpaying them since they were black and creating a hostile work environment. This case ended up becoming a class-action lawsuit that was settled out of court. More commonly known as, â€Å"Quota Cola Case†, it opened the flood gates for many more cases of racial discrimination allegations to be brought against Coca-Cola. The settlement for this case, with all additional fees totaled a little over $475 million, which covered all â€Å"salaried blacks employed by the organization in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. rom April 22, 1995 to June 14, 2000. † The settlement and fees not only included the salaried employees, but also donations to such organizations as: NCAA (national effort and Atlanta Coke Bottler), Minority Suppliers and Contractors, Coke pension funds, and other minority activism and non-profits (Things Go Better with Quotas? Case 26: Quota Cola! , 2002). Even though there was a great deal of changes that Coke went through as a result of the previous case, which will be discussed later, there have been two other cases revolving around racial discrimination. Both cases are currently still on-going in the court system. Cincinnati Case Another class-action lawsuit was filed in October of 2001 by a group of approximately 1,000 African-Americans that worked for the company since 1995. The allegations of the case accuse Coke of â€Å"creating a hostile, intimidating, offensive and abusive workplace environment for its African-American employees. † Claims stated that supervisors allowed white employees to both physically and mentally abuse minority employees, minorities (including Asians and Native Americans) were disciplined more sternly than white employees, and were denied overtime and promotional opportunities. A spokeswoman for Coca-Cola made a generic statement in response to the accusations, stating that the organization â€Å"does not tolerate discrimination of any kind† and that if there are any allegations, it is taken seriously and dealt with quickly. On the other hand, Kevin Johnson, African-American and former HR manager (appointed after the first lawsuit), had some insights into the organization that was stated in a memorandum regarding the evaluation of race relations at the plant. He notes that there is a â€Å"very apparent need for education in the area of racism, diversity and fundamental training for supervisors and key roles in the organization. † Additionally, Johnson explained the workers as being â€Å"tense† due to â€Å"disparate treatment† to minorities. The judge that awarded the case to become a class-action lawsuit informed the plaintiffs that they will have to seek monetary compensation separately (Lovel, 2003). Hawaii Case Most recently, in early 2009, two former Coca-Cola employees filed suit against the company. Both of Asian ancestry, the plaintiff’s claimed that they had been fired for whistle-blowing on an executive that was pressuring employees for positive reviews, in order to receive increased bonuses. Months after a complaint was filed with the organization’s hotline the two men were terminated from their long-standing positions. There was an attempt of their part to communicate with the vice president of HR, but their efforts were not reciprocated. The two employees, one a sales center manager and the other HR manager, also claimed that they were discriminated against by Coca-Cola executives , who are white, not only because of their Asian ethnicity, but also since they were over 40 years old (Magin, 2009). Theses three cases prove that, even though there are programs and procedures put in place to avoid diversity issues, especially that of racial discrimination, this is an on-going problem within the Coca-Cola organization. In response to the allegations and requirements of the â€Å"Quota Cola† case’s settlement, Coke took a hard look at their diversity initiatives and made some significant changes. Some of the key features of focus include the following: 1. Become a Fortune 500 Quota Company: Among other Fortune 500 companies, Coke agreed to make a great effort in the hiring and promotional practices of as many non-white employees as possible and to serve as a model for other companies. 2. Responsibilities of the Board of Directors: The Board must be a representation of all racial classes. 3. An independent Task Force: Coke agreed to abdicate its responsibility to the shareholders by allowing an outside diversity body, termed A Seven Member Task Force, the purpose of which is to ensure that the right numbers of persons of color are hired, promoted, and contracted with according to the terms of the settlement. This outside body will have unprecedented power to force Coca Cola to hire persons of the right color at all levels of the company, without regard to years of service or other demonstrable qualifications (besides, of course, the color of their skin Review by Joint Experts: Coca Cola has voluntarily agreed to plaintiff demands that the company use mutually agreed-upon experts to review the companys personnel policies and to prepare a minority-oriented Joint Expert and Recommendation to the racial task force (see 3, above). 5. An independent Ombudsperson: Coca Cola is required to hire an allegedly independent ombudsperson (kind of an unofficial mediator), with approval of the minority special interests. This supposedly independent person will address internal reports of discrimination and retaliation and independently monitor the handling of complaints by Coca Colas personnel department. 6. Monitoring: The Task Force has the power to force Coca Cola to report the promotion and hiring of blacks and other non-whites within the company. These reports will go to the Board of Directors, among others.

Afermative Action Essay Research Paper In times free essay sample

Afermative Action Essay, Research Paper In times of today most subjects of conversation by and large have something to make with political relations and hot political issues. Everything from abortion to gun control to affirmatory action and that? s precisely what I am traveling to speak about, affirmatory action. What precisely is affirmatory action? Harmonizing to Dr. Norman Lewis of Time Magazine affirmatory action is a call for minorities and adult females to be given particular intervention in instances of employment and instruction. Personally I think that it is wholly incorrect and should non be allowed in any instance for any ground. Now that you know what affirmatory action is you need to cognize a small spot about the history of it. Affirmative action foremost came about during the civil rights motion over three decennaries ago. The end of affirmatory action is to give equal rights to people of minority to assist better incorporate the work topographic point, concern universe, montages and universities. We will write a custom essay sample on Afermative Action Essay Research Paper In times or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For illustration if you are a caucation male using to The University of Michigan and you have a 4.0 class point norm and a good mark on your ACT or SATs you have a 11.5 % opportunity of acquiring accepted, but if you are a minority of any sort and you have a lower class point norm and non rather as good of mark on your ACT or SATs, the minority has a 65 % better opportunity of acquiring accepted than the caucation male. And the same thing goes in the concern universe although they are non as qualifyed ; a adult female or anyone of a minority has a well better opportunity of acquiring hired than a caucation male. All of this is seting employers in a really bad place stoping up with the lesser quality worker. A minority worker that benefits from affirmatory action bears the grade of non being the best worker, but merely the best of the minority when the employee that is really better qualified for the occupation is passed by because of some jurisprudence. Now I thought that the whole point of this jurisprudence was to extinguish the job of favoritism but to me it looks like they are merely making more favoritism and even more of a job. All they have done is turned it around and discriminated against some else for a alteration. Yeah affirmatory action gives people a opportunity to hold a occupation that they may non hold gotten with out it ( after all that? s what this was introduced for. ) In state of affairss like this, no affair what sort of regulations and ordinances you make it? s non traveling to assist, you have to happen a manner to delight everyone non merely the bulk. And it? s non easy to so that but I think that the manner to make that is to engage the best adult male for the occupation no affair what race or gender. After all that? s what you want right? ? ? ?

Definition of Indefinite Article

Definition of Indefinite Article An indefinite article, called an  artà ­culo  indefinido  in Spanish, makes a noun refer to a nonspecific item or items of its class. In English, there are only two indefinite articles, a and an. In Spanish, there are four indefinite articles,  un, una, unos, and unas. Spanish and English have different grammatical rules concerning when indefinite articles  are needed or should be omitted. Agreement in Number or Gender Matters In Spanish, number and gender make a difference. Is the word plural or singular? Is the word masculine or feminine? The Spanish indefinite article must agree with the gender and number of the noun that follows it. Singular Forms of the Indefinite Article There are two singular indefinite articles, un and una, translating to a or an.  Un is used when referring to a masculine word, for example, un  gato,  meaning, a cat. Una is used before a feminine word, as in una persona, meaning, a person. Plural Forms of the Indefinite Article There are two plural forms of indefinite articles in Spanish, unos  and unas, translating to a few or some. Unos is masculine. Unas is feminine. In this case, the correct form to use depends on the gender of the word being described,  for example, She is reading  some  books, can be translated to be  Ella lee  unos  libros.  Although a female is reading the books, the word being described is libros, which is a masculine word, therefore, the article uses the masculine form of the word. An example of unas  being used in a sentence would be,  Yo sà © unas palabras  en  espaà ±ol,  which means, I know a few words in Spanish. Although the word some is considered an indefinite article in Spanish, the word some is not classified as an indefinite article in English. Some is considered as an indefinite pronoun or a quantifier in English. Exceptions to the Rule With every language, there will always be exceptions to the rule. When a feminine singular noun begins with a stressed  ,  a, or  ha, the masculine indefinite article is used instead of the feminine indefinite article to aide in pronunciation. For example, the word,  guila, meaning, eagle, is a feminine word. When referring to an eagle, instead of saying una  guila, which sounds clunky in pronunciation, the grammar rule allows a speaker to say un  guila, which has a smoother flow. The plural form remains feminine because pronunciation is not affected when a speaker says,  unas  guilas. Similarly, the Spanish word for ax is hacha,  a feminine word. A speaker would say, un hacha, as the singular form and  unas hachas as the plural form.

Write a rhetorical analysis of A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Essay

Write a rhetorical analysis of A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift - Essay Example Without a doubt, the speaker could create a plan to make these children beneficial to the society. Swift uses the speaker to propose eating babies as a solution to the problems of Ireland. Swift uses satire to appeal to the emotions of the Irish people in order to encourage them to help the country. The purpose of this essay is to do a rhetorical analysis of Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal. The reason for doing this rhetorical analysis is to demonstrate how Swift uses satire to draw audience attention to the problem, which is the dire situation Ireland was facing at the time. A satire uses mockery, exaggeration, and irony to reveal and condemn the immorality, corruption, or foolishness of a society within the setting or framework of contemporary politics. The speaker proposes cannibalism of Irish infants as a sensible, rational, and in fact responsible solution to the problems of Ireland. This satire does not aim to inflict damage or harm, but rather it tries to produce a shocking effect to make the causes of major Irish problems revolting so that these causes will be purged or removed from the people and society. It is this shocking effect that makes Swift’s political document controversial and highly effective. Swift’s satire uses three elements—ethos, logos, and pathos. In terms of ethos, or author’s credibility, Swift was known for being a remarkable political essayist and critic. He is also known for being religious, which gives A Modest Proposal a sharp appeal. It is somewhat difficult to reconcile the fact that the ‘religious’ Swift has created a speaker that advocates cannibalism as a solution to Ireland’s major problems. This makes the satire more shocking and, thus, effective. What fascinates audiences from the time of Swift to the present day is the outrageous proposal of the anonymous speaker who combines, in one persona, an indifferent rationality and a methodically coldhearted reaction to the

Essay assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment - Essay Example In order to overcome these disputes certain information is remained confidential to the shareholders. This paper briefs about the agency problems and discusses effects of conflicts on the shareholders. It further provides information about the shareholder management to minimize these conflicts. An â€Å"agency problem† may occur when the principle (shareholders) hires an agent (management) to perform business activities. This is because of the reason that the conflicts between the interests among between the management and shareholder (Clark and Marois). The main objective of the company’s management and stakeholders is to maximize its profits. Disputes among the managers and shareholders are created on the bases of their interests. Shareholders may object the amount of incentives that is being paid to managers (Clark and Marois). If the information regarding the incentives and pays to the management is disclosed to its shareholders, it may decrease the net profit margi n of the company. In certain cases it is ethical for the management to hide the internal information from its shareholders, mostly decision making, investment decisions (Clark and Marois). This is because of the reason that the shareholders are not aware of the internal issues of the management; this may involve the moral hazards, employment issues, suppliers matter etc. In case of agency problem certain information regarding the incentives may remain confidential with the shareholders in order to eliminate the possibilities of disputes. It is essential for the organization to maintain the interest its management and shareholders to pursue its objectives (Clark and Marois). Therefore, the management and shareholder shall work together to maximize its profits. The conflicts among the relationship between the management and shareholders may create obstacles to attain the objective and goals of the organization. Management is aware of the internal issues of the company, such as supplie rs’ choices, employment regulation, incentives, investment decisions etc. whereas the entire shareholders are not aware of these internal concerns of the management (Clark and Marois). If any of them is in conflict it may create an obstacle for the organization to pursue its objectives. Secondly, the conflicts may arise the problems in the attitudes of the management and shareholders to have different attitude towards their work (El-Shamy). Management plays the major significant role to attain objective of the organization therefore, conflict among them may result in different attitude in the work (El-Shamy). It is essential for the organization to work with the mutual consent of management and shareholder therefore the management shall carefully identify the issues and resolve in order to keep both of them satisfied. Shareholder’s hire management to pursue its goals, In order to render their services (management) the principle has to bear certain costs also known as a gency cost. Agency cost is paid by the shareholders pay to hire manager in order to act on its behalf (Clark and Marois). This is because of the reason that both have different interest, as the management has more information. These costs are inevitable within an organization, the cost may be spend to provide material incentives (increments, bonuses and stock options) and moral incentives for the management to execute their duties in interests of shareholders. Based on the

Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Dog Food Essay

Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Dog Food - Essay Example Dog foods are designed to give the proper nutrition and specific requirements of these pets. Recently, the importance of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fatty acids were highlighted by dog food makers. Fish oil, a rich source of fatty acids, was demonstrated in various uses such as improving dull coat of dogs, remedy for allergies, relieving inflammation, supporting brain and eye development. While there are specific studies that scientifically explain the functions of individual fatty acids, effects of doses of fatty acids, specifically DHA, in dog foods are not clear. DHA was proven to have beneficial effects on the brain development of young dogs and on the retina of growing and ageing dogs. There are claims of such benefits with the use of some dog foods but the methodology and results were poorly documented. This proposal aims to determine the effects, if there are any, and the extent of effects of DHA as a component of dog food on the health and intelligence of dogs. The objectives of this proposal includes 1) to determine the effects of different levels of DHA in commercial dog food (Hill's Science Plan) on learning and training ability of dogs, 2) to determine the effects of DHA in dog food through health indicators such as dog fur or coat and c) to determine the effects of DHA in dog food on eye functions of dogs. Fatty acids are forms of polyunsaturated f... Those that they cannot produce but are instead obtained through external sources such as food are called essential fatty acids (Ackerman 1148). Omega-3 fatty acids include Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency of which is related to skin disease development, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) which is involved in vasoconstriction and related cardiac function and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which is essential for brain and retinal functions. ALA is convertible into EPA and EPA is considered a major mover of the omega-3 fatty acids and is found in the cell membrane (Leaf 197-198, Kenny et.al. 660, Giron et.al.198). Omega-6 fatty acids on the other hand include Linoleic acid (LA) which is found in the skin, Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) which are forms of LA, and Arachidonic acid (AA) which is involved in prostaglandin synsthesis. LA can be transformed into GLA. DGLA can be converted from GLA in the skin. LA is vital for optimizing skin's water permeability. AA in large amounts is detrimental to other fatty acids (Pitas 470, Campbell & Roudebush 82). DHA Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a major constituent of brain phospholipids and serves an important function in sustaining structural and functional properties of membranes. DHA is coupled in glycerophospholipids generally with palmitic acid and stearic acid and with an additional long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid which builds up in phosphatidylethanolamines. Adequate supply of DHA has been postulated to promote maximum neurological growth, information processing, the capacity to conduct electrical stimuli of nerve cells, and cognitive ability. There is consensus among experts that mammalian brain produces its own DHA during particular stages of intrauterine and

Reflection on Nursing Presentation

Reflection on Nursing Presentation REFLECTION ON MY PRESENTATION Introduction: As part of my overseas program I had to deliver a 15 minutes presentation on choice of subject in front of my colleagues. An effective presentation makes the best use of the relationship between the presenter and the audience. It takes full consideration of the audience’s needs in order to capture their interest, develop their understanding, inspire their confidence and achieve the presenter’s objectives (University of Leicester, 2009). According to Nickolas (2003), to facilitate an effective presentation there are four elements. They are: Planning, Preparation, Practicing, Presenting Planning: it includes selection of an important topic, finding the learning outcomes, organising the content, preparing the visuals. Preparation: The main aim is to prepare clear, simple and attractive visuals. For eg: effective power point slides. Practicing: Practice makes perfection it includes rehearse and pre rehearse. In rehearse practicing the things you are intend doing, but in pre rehearse practicing the things you might have to do. Presenting: It includes facial expression, pace, voice, body movements, use of pointer, roles etc†¦ In order to write a reflection I selected Gibbs 1988 model. It is mainly used by health professionals. To reflect is not enough, you then have to put into practice the learning and new understanding you have gained therefore allowing the reflective process to inform your practice. Taking action is the key; Gibbs prompts the practitioner to formulate an action plan. This enables the reflective practitioner to look at their practice and see what they would change in the future, how they would develop/improve their practice (Gibbs, 1988). It has got six different stages. Which are description, feeling ,evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. Description: As part of my overseas nursing program I had to deliver a 15 minutes presentation on choice of subject on the final day at university. On my period of planning I was very confused about the selection of topic. Variety of topics was in my mind. Finally I decided my topic which was percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding and the care of patient with PEG. I was really satisfied when I selected the topic. Because I felt it is going to be an important and useful information for all the nurses in their work place. Initial period of my job in this country have come across patients with PEG tube. It was a new experience for me. After the selection of my topic I started doing some research on it. I read some books, journals, and collected information from search engines. Evidence based practice define as ‘ the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making nursing decisions about the care of individual patients’ (Sackett, 1996). As it is a problem solving approach to the today’s healthcare system, it brings better clinical decisions and patient outcome. In order to make my presentation more effective and clear I decided to use some visuals, this was power point slides. My slides were simple and easy to understand. Once I finished my preparation I started to practise. I practised in front of my family just to reduce the stage fear. At the day of presentation I was confident enough to present in front of a group. Feeling: In order to adjust the time our group was divided in to two. I was the third person in the first group. On the day I was slightly nervous especially few minutes before the presentation starts. Fortunately I felt very confident at the time of presentation and the colleagues were really supportive and responsive which increased my comfort level with in the class. Now I feel , by doing this presentation helped me to achieve an important skill in my profession, as teaching has an active part in nursing. Evaluation: International Center for Alcohol Policies (2014) says Evaluation offers a way to determine whether an initiative has been worthwhile in terms of delivering what was intended and expected. It has an important role to improve own skills. After my presentation I approached my tutor and she gave me a very effective and clear feedback. She explained my aims, learning outcomes, introduction of presentation was clearly stated. I used appropriate aids and the delivery of presentation was appropriate, and it was evidence based too. The place where I could improve was the time management as I was little short on my time. Analysis: According to Ritchey, (1996) Analysis is defined as the procedure by which we break down an intellectual or substantial whole into parts or components. After my presentation I have gone through my experience once again and I felt my selection of topic was right as I saw my colleagues enjoyed the topic. But I was a little bit disappointed as I was a bit short on my time. When I was practicing at home I made sure I was on time. With this presentation I understood the importance of planning and organising the work as well as time management. Conclusion: I found it myself the opportunity I got from the overseas nursing program was really great. Teaching in front of a group of people was a stressful job for me. When I realized I had to do it I tried for the level best and the feedback from my tutor made me more strong. Nurse has an important role in teaching the staff. In my future career I will be more confident to teach people , because I understood that, it will increase my knowledge as well. Action plan: I will be doing another presentation in my work place regarding moving and handling as we have many new staff started. Before I do it I will make sure I will reach my intended time limit. Moreover that, I will go through reading materials and prepare the contents from evidence based knowledge. This section I am planning to do it with a mixture of theory and practical. I will show them the different types of hoists, slings and how to use it. It will be more easier to understand the moving and handling technique. Adhering to NMC code (2008) I will update my knowledge and skills throughout my career. References: Gibbs, G. (1988). Learning by Doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods. London: Further Education Unit. Nickolas, F (2003). Effective presentations, distance consulting: www.nickols.uk (Last accessed on 04/02/2014) NMC(2008) The code. http://www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Guidance/NMC-Guidance-on-professional-conduct-for-nursing-and-midwifery-students.PDF (Last accessed on 10/01/2014). International Center for Alcohol Policies (2014) What Is Evaluation. Online.(Last accessed on 24/02/2014) . http://www.icap.org/PolicyTools/Toolkits/EvaluationToolkit/2WhatIsEvaluation/tabid/441/Default.aspx Ritchey T, (1996) On Scientific Method Based on a Study by Bernhard Riemann. Analysis and Synthesis. Online.(Last accessed on 20/02/2014) http://swemorph.com/pdf/anaeng-r.pdf Sackett, D.L., Rosenberg, W.M., Gray, J.A., Haynes, R.B. and Richardson, W.S. (1996) ‘Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn’t’, British Medical Journal. University of Leicester (2009) Planning an effective presentation. Learning development .online. (Last accessed on 10/02/2014). http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/pdfs-of-study-guides/presentation- skills-pdfs/planning-presentation-v1.0.pdf. R PhilipPage 1 Reflection on Nursing Presentation Reflection on Nursing Presentation Working in the surgical ward entails numerous responsibilities for a health care practitioner like me. Thinking about the holistic care, recovery of patients and minimising any complications from occurring are a few of those responsibilities that a surgical nurse always has to keep in mind. According to Anthony Lee (2007), whether it is abdominal surgery, plastic surgery, or any other invasive surgical treatment, it is dangerous to assume 100% safety. He also stressed that due to the miracles that surgery gives, people might often tend to forget the risks and complications that go with it. One of these risks commonly associated with surgery is the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis in the postoperative phase. In the absence of thromboprophylaxis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant risk for surgical patients especially those undergoing orthopaedic surgery and lengthy procedures (ICS 2002, SIGN 2002, Geerts et al 2004, ICS 2006, NICE 2007). This fact gave me the interest of choosing DVT prevention as my topic for the presentation so as to make me and the listeners more knowledgeable about DVT risk assessment prevention thus eradicating this complication from occurring. This essay points out a reflection about the 15-minute seminar presentation that I completed within the course of my study. Utilising the Gibbs (1988) reflective model, I would be sharing my learning and feelings based on the whole experience. DESCRIPTION During the first meeting with our programme tutors, we were orientated to prepare a 15-minute presentation of any topic related to our whole adaptation experience which would particularly focus on evidence-based practice. This would assess not only our knowledge and mastery of the chosen topic but it would also assess our communication and presentational skills. Based on the assignment given, I made a research about evidence based practice to guide me in choosing my topic. As cited by Sackett, et al (1996), evidence based practice is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. Based on these findings, I carried on with my quest for an interesting topic.   Within the week, I was able to take care of a patient who was admitted for suspected deep vein thrombosis when he stopped wearing his antiembolic stockings. His wife had difficulty putting them on his legs. He was my patient the previous month when he had a total hip replacement done. This patient made me realise how important antiembolic stockings are and made me interested about DVT. Thus, I finally decided to present about the prevention of DVT in surgical patients. In preparation for the upcoming presentation day, I started my research by checking the internet for any information regarding DVT and its prevention. There were so much information from different sources and reading on these different sources made the topic confusing for me. So, I started searching for an article from journals that would be perfect for my presentation and which I could focus on. I found an article from the Journal of Perioperative Practice and based my presentation on that article. I organised my presentation, added more relevant information from different sources, and made a structured powerpoint presentation based from the researches made. I also added pictures colourful designs to make my visual aids creative. I studied on my topic and did a lot of practice days before the final day to make me more confident. FEELINGS The awaited presentation day finally came. To boost my confidence and impress the viewers, I was all dressed up to look smart. I was so nervous while waiting for my turn to present especially that it was quite a long time ago that I have had presentations like this. I was also a bit worried that the time allotted for my presentation would not be enough for me because I made it as comprehensive as possible. I was also planning to give a short exercise for the viewers to gain interaction from them. When it was my turn to speak up, the confidence came out and the nervousness faded. I was able to explain the whole topic thoroughly without any difficulty and the 15 minutes went so quickly. I was able to attract attention from the viewers by making the presentation as lively as possible and gaining interaction from them through exchange of ideas. At the end of the presentation, I was also able to assess their understanding of the topic by conducting a short exercise about DVT risk assessment. My presentation went smoothly and before I knew it, it came to an end. I really enjoyed being on stage much more than the whole preparation phase. EVALUATION After everyone presented their topics, our assessors gave us their evaluation about our performances. The assessor gave me very good feedback regarding my overall performance. I was so surprised that he gave me the highest possible grade in all the criteria. I was informed that I had very good communication interaction skills and that I mastered my topic really well. I was so happy with feedback from my assessor and from my fellow classmates as well. I can never believe that I have that much confidence in me and that I was able to nail the presentation. One comment that I could possibly give about my presentation is the fact that I made it so comprehensive that the 15 minutes was not enough for me to really explain some of the topics well. I asked for an extension of the time given so as I could finish the exercise. ANALYSIS This experience made me prove to myself that I am able to attain my goals with perseverance and belief in myself. I gained so much learning and realisations from the whole experience and these after effects are whats most important to make me a better person and a better professional. As defined, learning could be thought of as a process by which behaviour changes as a result of experience (Maples and Webster 1980 quoted in Merriam and Caffarella 1991: 124). I am hoping that this experience would make me change my behaviour to be more confident when interacting with other people. CONCLUSION The entire experience was an excellent way of gaining knowledge about evidence based practice. But, it was not focused on the reinforcement of our knowledge alone but on the enhancement of our communication and interaction skills. I can say that I gave my best to deliver a good presentation but still, there is always a room for improvement. I can say that the topic that I covered was too long to fit in a 15 minute presentation and because of that, I was rushing to finish all my slides within the allotted time. So, the next time I would do another presentation, I have realised that I should simplify the topics and practice more beforehand to know if the allotted time is enough for the whole presentation. ACTION PLAN With this activity, I have gained much learning and had improved my presentational skills. In the future, I would expect to be more confident in doing presentations and be able to anticipate the tasks that need to be done beforehand. I would spend more time in preparation for the activity to gain more confidence and to prevent any difficulties from occurring.

True Wealth Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When one asks themselves "what is wealth," people immediately think of money. They think of nice cars and big houses. People think of power and the ability to have control over others. When I was in elementary school I believed this same thing. Now that I am in college my outlook on what wealth is has changed dramatically. To me wealth is contentment and knowledge. With these two things will come the greatest wealth a person can achieve. Money does not necessarily mean contentment although some people think that it does. Wealth is not having money, property, and power if these things cannot make a person truly content. These things do not necessarily bring wisdom either.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I think of wealth a quotation comes to mind. It was said by Henry David Thoreau:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Books are the treasured wealth of the world and the fit inheritance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of generations and nations... Their authors are a natural and irresistible   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  aristocracy in every society, and, more than kings or emperors, exert an   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  influence on mankind."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that if one chooses to enrich their mind and strive for knowledge that they are truly wealthy. Wealth is the ability to enrich and influence. With knowledge one can do these things. Wealth is not taking things for granted. In many ways knowledge can help you achieve success. With knowledge one can look into the past and see the mistakes that others have made. The person with knowledge will not repeat these mistakes. Kn...

Search for Truth in Edgar Lee Masters

Oftentimes, the poems that are related â€Å"speak† to one another and give the reader efferent perspectives on the same issue. By doing this, the poetic elements of the related poems act to change and contribute to the themes of each other. â€Å"Benjamin Panties† and â€Å"Mrs.. Benjamin Panties† are two poems In the anthology that, when read individually, seem to have separate themes, but when read together speak to each other in an â€Å"argument and response† manner. Through an explication of the two poems, it can be seen that Benjamin Panther and Mrs..Benjamin Panther both feel betrayed, but their differing perspectives change the reader's Initial Impression of sympathy for both characters to one of questioning for truth. The form of the two poems Is free verse In that there Is no strict rhyme or meter. This style Is very beneficial In getting the themes of the two poems across In a very effective way. Free verse works well In getting these themes ac ross because the poet Is not as â€Å"trapped† In a specific form.This develops the themes of the two poems In a much more relatable manner since both poems deal with problems that most people can relate to such as friendship, betrayal, marriage, and loneliness. Adding to this discussion of Masters' style of writing, Emilio Tolerated states that â€Å"halls lines stir up a very human otter, made up of conciseness, hardness, and classic rhythms; he Is clear-sighted, sometimes satirical, always brilliant and direct† (Talented 46).This Is a very Insightful critique, especially In his assertion that Masters' delivery Is very human and direct because this allows the average reader to get Into the mind of the characters and genuinely relate to their themes. In â€Å"Benjamin Panther† the theme Is that companionship Is necessary to live a happy life, even If It Is with a dog, especially when you have a miserable relationship with your wife and there Is no one else to t urn to. On the other hand, the theme of â€Å"Mrs..Benjamin Panther† Is that you cannot always trust people based on what they say and how people perceive them, and It Is wrong to Judge because sometimes seemingly Irrational decisions have a listened explanation. Free verse â€Å"Benjamin Panties† helps to develop the sincerity to his relationship with his dog, Nigh, and shows how he has become indifferent to the world. The free verse acts almost like a letter to the reader trying to express the struggles he faced at the end of his life. This is not to imply that there are not some intentional stresses in the poems.For example, Benjamin Panties says â€Å"our story is lost in silence. Go by, mad world! † (â€Å"B. P. † 12). There is definitely a stress on this last phrase which is important to his argument because it makes his assertion much more resonant and memorable. â€Å"Mrs.. Benjamin Panties† is also written in free verse in what appears to be an outright reply to Benjamin poem. She is very candidly expressing the problems she has with her husband, problems that she notes many people do not see from the surface.This helps to bring up a connected theme among the two poems which is that marriage is more complicated than it seems on the surface and requires insight into the situation of the husband and wife to understand the true nature of a relationship. While the order of these two poems, in the anthology, may not seem that important, it can be very helpful in discerning how the themes speak to each other, and how they are shaped in the reader's mind. It is no coincidence that â€Å"Benjamin Panties† is the first poem because it introduces this character as being someone completely without a human friend and who has given up on life.The line â€Å"our story is lost in silence. Go by, mad world! † (â€Å"B. P. † 12) is very important in showing that Benjamin did not feel that people understood his de speration and that his story is often lost. This leads directly into â€Å"Mrs.. Benjamin Panties† where she contradicts most everything her husband has asserted in the previous poem and says â€Å"all the men loved him/and most of the women pitied him! † (â€Å"M. B. P. † 3-4). Mrs.. Panties is very effectively calling Benjamin argument into question by saying that these concerns for him are false and unjustified.Initially, Benjamin poem seems very sad and the reader takes pity with him until reading the next poem. What Masters has done so well is in setting up the second poem while the previous one is still in the reader's mind. This acts to alter Benjamin theme room one of solitude that is uncontrolled to one of solitude that is brought on by himself as a result of not appreciating his wife. The occurrence of a very similar idea found in both poems, but with different implications, prove to cause conflict among their individual themes.In both poems there is a brief mention of alcohol, but the context in which both are used are completely different. Benjamin Panties says â€Å"†¦ L was alone/with Nigh for partner, bed- fellow, comrade in drink† (â€Å"B. P. † 4-5), which implies that the only friend he had to drink with was his dog, and, once again, makes the reader feel sorry for him. On the other hand, Mrs.. Benjamin Panties points out that she â€Å"loathe(s) the smell of whiskey and onions† (â€Å"M. B. P. † 6), which shows that she saw the alcohol as one of the problems that pulled her and her husband apart.While this may not seem important to the connection of the two poems, it is very significant because it shows that Benjamin fall from glory into solitude could be of his own making. On the other hand, the issue of alcohol in Benjamin poem could alter Mrs.. Pannier's theme because the argument could be made that Mrs.. Panties drove her husband to alcohol because of her failure o be a good wife and constant companion. So, in a very interesting way this mention of alcohol creates a sense of ambiguity in both poems and gets the reader to question to r an Mrs..Pannier's argument, while contributing to the reader's interpretation of both of the themes. In these two poems, Masters uses devices of sound and poetic diction very effectively to set the tone and advance the arguments of the poems. In â€Å"Benjamin Panties† there is both alliteration and a hyperbole in the line â€Å"then she, who survives me, snared my soul with a snare which bled me to death† (â€Å"B. P. † 7-8). A line very similar to this is found in â€Å"Mrs.. Benjamin Panties† as she is Justifying her reasons for being a seemingly bad wife.This constant repetition of the hard â€Å"s† sound turns the alliteration into onomatopoeia that sounds almost like a snake hissing when the poem is read aloud. This sets the very somber tone of the poem which is reflected by Benjamin solitud e and â€Å"loss of soul† which he blames on his wife. In addition to setting this tone, the fact that Benjamin uses these negative words in direct reference to his wife strengthens his argument in the eyes of the reader because they now associate this snakelike sound and deathly scene with the fife's cold attitude towards her husband.An example of how poetic diction helps set tone can be seen in the word â€Å"dingy' used in both poems to express the room Benjamin was forced to live in by his wife. The word implies a very unclean and nasty environment and is used near the end of both poems to leave the reader with a sense of the unclean nature of their relationship. It is significant that the same adjective is used to describe the room in both poems because it implies for Benjamin how bad his life has become, and for Mrs.. Panties how disgusted she was with him to force him to live in such a place.There is a very unique example of irony found in the two poems, which is brou ght out when they are directly compared. Both Mr.. And Mrs.. Panties make mention of the law in their poems, but in very different ways. Benjamin Panties mentions at the very beginning of his poem that he is an attorney at law. This shows that Mr.. Panties has a good education and a clear understanding of the law. Mrs.. Panties also directly mentions the law but in reference to their marriage by stating â€Å"the only man with whom the law and morality/permit you to have the marital relation/is the very man that fills you with disgust† (â€Å"M.B. P. † 13-15). What comes across as ironic in this cross- reference is that Mrs.. Panties names both law and morality as the reasons why she cannot escape the unhappy marriage. Since Mr.. Panties is a lawyer, he can be seen as a man who upholds the law and has to maintain a certain level of moral integrity in his profession. Mrs.. Pannier's assertion against the law and morality could, in fact, be another way of associating bla me to her husband for her being trapped in a bad marriage.Masters' background had a lot to do with the types of poems and themes he dealt with in Spoon River Anthology. Literary critic Stephen Cushman says that Masters â€Å"was cursed with the need to search all his life for the love his mother failed to give him and doomed not to recognize genuine love, since he had been deprived of it in the most fundamental stages of his existence, and we can concur in his Judgment that such a fate would ultimately play itself out in a life involving many women and many wanderings until, his physical energies exhausted, he would end old and alone. (Cushman 162). This description of Masters helps a great deal in giving a deeper meaning as to why he wrote so many poems about unhappy marriages that ended in loneliness. Since he did not experience much love early in his life, these themes to loneliness and blame taunt in the Panniers could be a way tort him to express how he felt. It is very import ant to see that there are other sets of poems in Spoon River Anthology that speak to each other about unhappy marriages through differing perspectives.In the poems â€Å"Lie McGee† and â€Å"Fletcher McGee,† this husband and wife both tell of how one made the other's life miserable. Lie claims that Fletcher took her youth and beauty in life, while Fletcher claims that Lie drained the life out of him during her life and continued to haunt him after her death. Another pair of poems that display this theme of an unhappy marriage and leave the reader to question who is telling the truth is â€Å"Rose Parallel† and â€Å"Mrs.. Parallel. † Rose wants out of his marriage and attempts to get out if by disappearing for a year, but Mrs..Parakeet refuses to get a divorce. Both sets of poems are very similar to the Panniers in the sense that nobody in these marriages can escape their unhappiness in life, and all of them ultimately die very upset with their spouses. T he unhappy marriage of the Panniers does not stand alone in the small town of Spoon River in vying the reader different perspectives on unsuccessful marriages. While Spoon River Anthology contains many pairs of poems that â€Å"speak† to each other, â€Å"Benjamin Panties† and â€Å"Mrs..Benjamin Panties† are two that significantly change the meaning of each other's themes. Standing alone, each poem invokes sympathy in the reader because Benjamin has no human friends and his wife feels trapped in a miserable marriage. Analyzing these two poems together brings out a connected theme among the poems that both Mr.. And Mrs.. Panties feel betrayed, but their differing perspectives change the reader's initial impression and force them to either choose one character's argument or find some middle ground in their quest for the truth.

Doctrine of Vicarious Liability

Doctrine of Vicarious Liability Abstract The doctrine of vicarious liability refers to a situation where a person is held responsible for actions of another individual based on the relationship that exists between the two. The doctrine has a number of legal and ethical justifications, but some are outdated and not applicable in the present world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Doctrine of Vicarious Liability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay establishes some of the assumptions in the doctrine including that the employer is the richest in the employer-employee relationship, and hence responsible for any torts committed by the former. The doctrine has a number of modern day applications with some of the elements being rendered redundant. This paper concludes that the doctrine is an unavoidable one in the current century, as it has led to a number of positive changes. Introduction Vicarious responsibility is a doctrine of common la w that has been in existence for a number of centuries. Vicarious responsibility refers to a situation whereby an employer is held legally responsible for the actions of his/her employees. The employee is deemed to have committed an offence and in effect, the organization or employer under whom s/he works is held responsible. Some prominent features of the doctrine are central to its existence, which include that there has to be a tort committed against the plaintiff and at the time that the tort is committed, the employee is under the said employer or supervisor (Neyers, 2005, p. 3). Some of the other features include that an employee may also be held responsible for the tort together with the employer. Vicarious responsibility has a number of implications both legal and institutional, and these aspects have attracted a number of legal and ethical justifications. The doctrine has also undergone a series of changes over the last number of years (Giliker, 2010). Therefore, it is appl ied differently in the modern world. In this research paper, an introduction to the doctrine of vicarious responsibility is made with a focus on the ethical and legal implications under deliberation. The paper also establishes some of the applications of the doctrine in the modern world.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The existence of vicarious responsibility occurs between an employee and an employer, and as Neyers (2005) states, the theory of vicarious responsibility does not apply between employers and their independent contractors, parents, children, or the shareholders. The application of the theory is also not in the relationship that exists between a parent and his/her child or that between supervisors and those beneath them. The doctrine only applies for the employer for the torts committed only by the legal employees. Some of the reasons for the existence of the doctrine of vicarious responsibility include the assumption that the employer controls the actions of the employees, and thus s/he should be held responsible (Neyers, 2005). Some critics have tried to argue against the application of vicarious liability based on the presumption that the employer determines what the workers do in the course of their duties. Some of the arguments against this doctrine include that the control over an employee is not sufficient reason to apply vicarious liability since other relationships have no such implications. Some have even gone ahead and faulted the doctrine with the example of a schoolteacher and her/his pupils or a parent and his/her children, with the conclusion that control is not a good explanation of vicarious liability in the employer-employee relationship (Neyers, 2005). Ethical and Legal Justifications There are a number of ethical and legal justifications and implications of vicarious liability between an employer and their employe e. Some of the ethical issues in vicarious responsibility include the bearing of punishment for an employer for the torts that are unrelated to them. In most cases of vicarious liability, the employer is unaware of any misconduct by the employee, and there may not be any mistake committed. Some of the other ethical issues lie in the main reason for the existence of vicarious liability. Most plaintiffs sue employers with the basic assumption that they are richer than the employees are, and thus they could afford the charges that are likely to be imposed on them (Giliker, 2010). This assumption means that the reason that the plaintiffs sue the employers is for financial gains as opposed to seeking justice.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Doctrine of Vicarious Liability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The assumption is that the actions of the employee are within the control of the employer and that they are d irectly responsible (Giliker, 2002). One of the ethical issues that arise with this premise is the nature of the assumption. Employees often have intentional torts that their employers are made responsible for, which is unethical. In most cases, employers have paid fines for actions of their employees that were committed in bad faith. These actions are not necessarily within the responsibility of the employer, and they cost businesses and organizations large amounts of money in fines. The cases also degrade the reputations of the involved parties, which may need a lot of time and money to win back. Despite the above issues, some ethical justifications to the existence of vicarious responsibility exist. One is that employers are held responsible for the actions of their employees, and this aspect in turn makes them hold the employees in close supervision. This assertion implies that employees have to work with certain standards, thus ensuring that the quality of services rendered to clients is appropriate. Another form of ethical justification for the vicarious responsibility is that it allows taking of responsibility for employers, thus preventing legal issues with their employees and clients (Giliker, 2002). Another justification for vicarious liability is that it reduces the number of accidents in the workplace, with the employers having to put in place measures to ensure that accidents do not take place. Some scholars have stated that the presence of vicarious responsibility is important in regulating some industries, with the most important of these being the service industry (Giliker, 2010). Employees get warnings on any unethical behaviour and are served with terms of employment, and organizations in which they work has to put in place punitive measures to ensure that employees respect these regulations. In the health industry, for example, medical practitioners have to ensure that the employees under them respect the ethical code of conduct to avoid any legal implications in the case of negligence.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Vicarious liability has also enabled the reduction of negligence in workplaces, with employers having to reduce the number of incidents that happen under their watch. The implication here is that employers have to abide strictly to the set industry rules, embark on the regular training of their employees, and choose those that are competent in the line of duty. These measures have ensured efficiency in the concerned industries in addition to preventing any legal implications in terms of vicarious liability. Some of the legal justifications of the vicarious liability include the generation of laws that are used in the processing of various legal cases related to the running of organizations. Over the past few years, there have been a number of high profile cases involving vicarious liability, which have affected the outcomes of cases that followed and their judgments. These rulings have been important in the formulation of policy in the respective industries, thus making the working environment much safer and efficient. Employers are held responsible for the actions of the employees since they are required to train them on the basic requirements before they join the job market. Another legal justification is that the law has to hold institutions responsible Application in the modern world Vicarious liability has a number of applications in the modern world, which have not changed for several decades. As Mclvor (2006) states, the determination of when a tort has been committed is one of the major functions of industrial courts. Therefore, the doctrine of vicarious liability ensures that there is taking of responsibility in the industrial courts, thus making it easier to identify the aggrieved parties and those to pay for the damages. Another application of vicarious liability is the maintenance of law and order in different sectors. Since employers are aware of the consequences of vicarious liability, they train their employees on how to avoid it through adequat e training, selection, and provision of the basic minimum working conditions. For employees, vicarious liability is not as safe for them as perceived. Most employees are warned of any vicarious liability that organizations may encounter in their hands, which means that they have to use caution in their interaction with clients. This move has led to improved service delivery with companies producing a better output compared to earlier years (McIvor, 2006). Companies keep track of the performance of the companies through the mechanisms that have been set in place to avoid cases arising from vicarious responsibility. The doctrine has also a number of applications in the modern courtroom with the legal system respecting its existence. A number of rulings on the same have also ensured that the parties are given a fair ruling. These rulings have been a landmark with the outcomes being used as a basis for the next rulings. One of the principles of the existence of vicarious liability is th e assumption that the employer is rich, and thus can cater for the charges that are awarded against the organizations. This aspect has acted as deterrence for employees and employers, thus preventing some of the torts that were common before the introduction of the principle (Giliker, 2010). Another way in which the doctrine is applied today includes the guaranteeing of responsibility where torts are committed in an organization by people who may not be necessarily known. Before the introduction of the doctrine, organizations could hide in the ability of the afflicted parties to establish employees that were responsible for the torts committed. Therefore, it would be difficult to establish the right culprits or punishment. With the introduction of vicarious liability, clients can single out the organizations that were involved and this aspect has created responsible organizations (Giliker, 2002). Another way in which vicarious liability is important in organizational management is t he creation of working relationship between the employee and the employer. Employers have integrated themselves in the daily lives of the employees by ensuring that they have an enabling working environment and are in a position to deliver. The above measures mean that the employer-employee relationship has improved over the last few years, with a portion of the success being attributable to the doctrine. However, some of the modern applications of the ethical and legal justifications of vicarious liability are not applicable in the present world. The assumption that the employer is the richest party in cases against clients may not be applicable, as some organizations are not as wealthy as the clients in the tort may purport them to be. Some may even be bankrupt and unable to afford the required fines. The assumption has also led to the emergence of a new type of clients that engage in vicarious liability to benefit financially. Therefore, they set out to make employees commit cert ain torts out of will to achieve their motives of compensation. Over the years, there have been a number of court cases where the plaintiff was involved in the committing of a crime to benefit financially without any damages being found. Organizations have lost valuable money to these kinds of tricksters and some have ended up being sued by the organizations for defamation. In some of the instances, the decision is reversed where the employer is found to have no responsibility in the committing of the tort, especially where the mandate of the employee was not within the limits of the organization. Another way in which the legal and ethical justification for the vicarious liability applies is the manner in which organizations can raise money and declare their wealth. Over the past decades, organizations could hold a large number of assets and finances without the knowledge of the public (Giliker, 2010). With the introduction of vicarious liability, many organizations are cautious to announce and publish their financial resources. This element works as a tactic for discouraging any of the clients who may be interested in making claims based on vicarious liability. Some of the other applications of vicarious liability include the definition of roles in organizations. In the current organizational structure, employees have specifically defined roles, which they are required to play in the companies, and these form the avenues within which vicarious liability is applicable. Therefore, employers have ensured that the roles of employees are specially defined to avoid litigations or any other legal implications as applied in vicarious liability (Grubb, 2004). The application of vicarious liability is not new in organizations and for centuries, there has been an existence of a contract between the employee and the employer where the employer is held responsible for the actions of the employees. However, the doctrine has been adopted in the legal system, allowing the ob served changes. Conclusion Vicarious liability has a number of applications in cases whereby an individual is made responsible for the crimes committed by another. The doctrine has mainly been applicable in organizations with over a century in the legal system. The origin is not clear to many researchers, but the doctrine serves to ensure the bearing of responsibility for actions committed within the organizational ranks. The existence of the doctrine draws a number of ethical and legal justifications, and they include the desire to have people take responsibility for the actions of their subordinates in organizations. The legal justifications underscore the view that the employees’ actions are directly linked to employers, and that the two are equally responsible. However, presumably, the employer is the richer of the two, and thus can afford to pay for the fines and the areas of the torts in a court of law. Some of the modern applications of the doctrine have been described in the essay, and the most evident result is the improvement in service delivery in organizations. References Giliker, P. (2002). Rough Justice in an Unjust World. Modern Law Review, 65(3), 269-271. Giliker, P. (2010). Vicarious liability in tort: A comparative perspective. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Grubb, A. (2004). Principles of Medical Law. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. McIvor, C. (2006).The use and abuse of the doctrine of vicarious liability. Common Law World Review, 4(2), 268-296. Neyers, J. (2005). A theory of vicarious liability. Alberta Law Review, 43(2), 1-41.